Stephen Ukandu, Umuahia
Amid the soaring cost of chemical fertilisers, farmers have been urged to adopt biochar—a charcoal-like substance derived from agricultural waste through pyrolysis—as a cheaper, more effective, and environmentally friendly alternative.
According to experts, biochar not only improves soil fertility and increases crop yields but also helps in mitigating soil acidity, a common challenge in South-East Nigeria. It is considered a more sustainable option compared to synthetic fertilisers, which are increasingly unaffordable for many rural farmers.
With a 50kg bag of chemical fertiliser now selling for between ₦40,000 and ₦50,000 depending on the type, biochar has become a “saving grace,” as the same quantity sells for less than half the price.
Championing the Innovation
Professor Marble Ifeoma Onwuka, a Professor of Soil Chemistry and Supervisor of the Greenhouse Project at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU), is at the forefront of a grassroots campaign to promote the adoption of biochar in the South-East. Her team has already sensitised farmers in over 40 communities across the region, focusing particularly on women.
Prof. Onwuka, who trained in China in 2012 to study the application of biochar in agriculture, says the innovation is already transforming lives.
“We have taught rural women how to produce biochar. In some communities, we produce and distribute it for free; in others, we give them the pyrolysis drum to enable them make it on their own,” she said.
She recounted how a woman in Awom, Ikwuano LGA, recorded a bumper ginger harvest after using biochar on her farm.
How Biochar Works
“Biochar is produced through pyrolysis, a process of heating agricultural waste at high temperatures with limited oxygen to avoid releasing excessive carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This not only helps mitigate climate change but also retains more carbon in the soil,” Prof. Onwuka explained.
Agricultural waste such as cocoa pods, banana stems, palm bunches, and sawdust are used to make biochar. Instead of burning waste or letting it litter the environment, farmers are taught to repurpose it for soil enrichment.
Why Biochar Over Chemical Fertilisers?
“Chemical fertilisers are not only expensive but often unavailable. A 50kg bag of NPK 15:10:10 costs about ₦50,000—out of reach for many rural farmers,” Prof. Onwuka noted.
“In contrast, a 50kg bag of biochar costs about ₦10,000 and can be produced by the farmers themselves. More importantly, biochar helps reduce soil acidity, which is a major issue in the South-East. The slash-and-burn method of land preparation also worsens soil conditions by destroying beneficial microorganisms. Biochar reverses this damage.”
No Government Funding—Yet
When asked if her project receives government or NGO support, Prof. Onwuka disclosed that the initiative is currently self-funded.
“We’re not in partnership with any government agency yet, but traditional rulers in various communities have been very supportive in mobilising their people for sensitisation.”
She added that her ultimate goal is to empower 500 women in each local government area in Abia State with biochar knowledge and application techniques.
“We have also extended our campaign to Enugu, Anambra, and Imo States. Wherever people hear of our work, they invite us. We’re motivated by the joy of giving back to society and helping Nigeria achieve food security,” she said, adding that the team also provides palliatives to some farmers—funded from her personal salary and the support of a former student.
Promoting Smart Farming and Home Gardens
Prof. Onwuka also advocates for smart farming and home gardens, especially for urban dwellers, as a way to combat food insecurity and promote healthier living.
“People are beginning to embrace agriculture again due to the rising hunger in the land. I encourage families to grow their own vegetables at home using bags, old tyres, and containers. This practice not only saves money but also reduces the risk of consuming chemically grown produce.”
MOUAU’s Community Impact
Through its Greenhouse Project, MOUAU trains community members on improved seedling cultivation and sustainable farming practices. The university also conducts research aimed at addressing agricultural challenges in the region.
“We adapt global innovations like biochar to suit local conditions and even enrich it further with added nutrients,” she said.
Final Word
Prof. Onwuka urged rural women across the South-East to move away from outdated farming methods and embrace agricultural innovations that can improve their livelihoods and contribute to national food security.
